Sapphire crystal planning

                                                                       Sapphire crystal planning

In nature, when sapphire is growing, when the crystal contains titanium ions (Ti3+) and iron ions (Fe3+), it will make the crystal appear blue and become blue sapphire.

When the crystal contains chromium ion (Cr3+), it will make the crystal red and become ruby. When the crystal contains nickel ion (Ni3+), it will make the crystal yellow and become yellow sapphire.

As far as color is concerned, pure aluminum oxide crystal is transparent and colorless. Because different color developing element ions penetrate into the growing sapphire, the sapphire shows different colors. Such as the Ocean Star, the African Star, and the tears of angels are all natural gemstones.

The production process of artificial sapphire: preparing raw materials → filling raw materials and erecting crystal seeds → vacuuming furnace body → heating furnace body (adding molybdenum and tungsten heat shields to the furnace body) → melting raw materials → melting crystal seeds → crystal neck growth → crystal growth → separation of crystals from crucibles (most crucibles here are high-temperature resistant [1]) → cooling → removing crystals. In the world, there are mainly two kinds of crystallization processes. One is the crystallization process originated from the former Soviet Union: foaming process; The other is the crystallization process from the United States: water heat exchange method.

The synthetic sapphire weighs 450 kilograms.

The chemical properties of sapphire crystal are unusual and stable. It is generally insoluble in water and free from acid and alkali corrosion. It can only be eroded by hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and molten potassium hydroxide at a higher temperature (300 ℃).

The hardness of sapphire crystal is very high, which is Mohs hardness grade 9, second only to the diamond with zui hardness. It has good light transmission, thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, good mechanical properties, and has the characteristics of wear resistance and wind erosion resistance. The melting point of sapphire crystal is 2050 ℃, the boiling point is 3500 ℃, and the high working temperature of zui can reach 1900 ℃.

As an important technical crystal, sapphire crystal has been widely used in many fields such as science and technology, national defense and civil industry, and electronic technology.

Such as infrared window materials, substrate substrates in the field of microelectronics, laser substrates, optical elements and other applications.