Dynamic strength of sapphire crystal

Dynamic strength of sapphire crystal

An understanding of material failure processes under high-intensity pulsed loads is important for military, space, and blasting technologies, as well as other fundamental pulsed energy sources. High-velocity micron-sized particle impacts with surfaces (~10 km/s or higher) A small volume of the recontact point produces an instantaneous (~10-10 s) energy release of the order of ~5•107-5•109J/kg or 10-500 eV per atom. Here, the pressure is suddenly increased to ~10 -100 Mbar, temperatures reach ~105-106 K and shock waves are generated. The response of solids to oscillating loads has been studied for almost a century. However, the processes that take place under these conditions have so far not been well understood from physics explain.

Studies have shown that the interaction between the separated areas of the surface is practically non-existent due to short-time loading. In some regions, the rate of deformation can be surprisingly fast and the material is heated. At velocities exceeding 3 km/s Under the influence of high-energy action, the transformation of the metal to the liquid state may occur in the impact zone. The mechanism of plastic deformation also changes. It was found that additional slip planes in the metal single crystal generate, and deformation twins that do not even form under ordinary conditions A twinned part has also been revealed [74,75].

For general and moderate high temperature deformation rates, the ultimate strength and yield strength values in solids decrease with increasing temperature. Under sub-microsecond shock wave loading conditions, some metals exhibit athermal behavior of strength properties; In some cases these properties increase upon heating to Tm. Numerous non-equilibrium stacking faults are formed in numerical simulations of high-speed deformation of metals by molecular dynamics methods. This apparently leads to instability and high Mobility. In tests, this effect has shown that short waves cause a temporary loss of material strength.

Measurements of crystal lattice deformations are possible when shortwaves pass through. The lattice constants are determined by the X-ray diffraction angle. These constants change when shortwaves pass through the crystal, a phenomenon confirmed by a shift in the Bragg angle.

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